Dogs with canine diabetes, when treated properly, can live for several years with quality of life. With early diagnosis and strict glucose control, many diabetic dogs can live up to 8 or 10 years, but if diagnosis isn't early and glucose control isn't strict, life expectancy is estimated at up to 2 years after diagnosis.
The average survival of treated diabetic dogs can be around 2.6 years (964 days)This shows that diabetic dogs have better life expectancies when they receive the strict care they need.
The longevity of a dog with diabetes is influenced by several factors.
In general, with the right care, diabetes in dogs is not such a serious problem that it can drastically shorten a dog's life by a few months.
What causes diabetes in dogs?
Diabetes in dogs generally equates to type 1 in humans - in other words, it is an insulin-dependent disease. In most cases, the animal's own immune system attacks and destroys the beta cells in the pancreas, which are responsible for producing insulin.
This destruction leads to an increase in blood glucose. In other words, it's as if the body "turned against the pancreas", preventing it from making enough insulin.
In addition to immune predisposition, several factors increase the risk of the disease:
- Genetics and breed (For example: Poodle, Schnauzer, Labrador, Golden Retriever, Spitz, Dachshund and Terrier are more prone);
- Obesity and a high-fat diet favor insulin resistance;
- Recurrent inflammation of the pancreas (chronic pancreatitis) can damage its cells;
- Hormonal diseases such as Cushing's syndrome, which raises hormones that antagonize the action of insulin;
- Uncastrated females have an increased risk, especially during heat or pregnancy;
- Prolonged use of drugs such as corticosteroids can trigger diabetes in predisposed dogs.
The immediate cause of diabetes is usually pancreatic destruction, but there are many predisposing factors that contribute to its onset.
Symptoms of diabetes in dogs
Clinical signs usually appear gradually, but worsen over time if the disease is left untreated. The main initial symptoms include:
- Excessive thirst (polydipsia);
- Urinating a lot (polyuria);
- Exaggerated hunger (polyphagia);
- Weight loss, even when eating more.
In addition, the dog may show apathy, tiredness, frequent urinary infections and rapid development of diabetic cataractswhich can lead to partial or total blindness.
In the event of any combination of these signs, it is essential to seek veterinary advice. The earlier the diagnosis, the better the response to treatment.
Diagnosis and monitoring of the disease
The diagnosis is confirmed with simple tests: measuring glucose in the blood and urine. The persistent presence of hyperglycemia and glucosuria practically clinches the diagnosis. However, pay attention to glucosuria in the urine, as it may be an indicator of kidney disease rather than diabetes, so the vet should close the diagnosis in conjunction with the anamnesis.
They can also be requested:
- Fructosamine dosage (average glycemic level over the last few weeks);
- Blood count and biochemistry to evaluate organs;
- Urinalysis to detect infection, ketones or other imbalances;
- Hormone tests if other endocrine diseases are suspected.
After diagnosis, treatment and frequent monitoring begins. The vet will carry out glycemic curves to adjust the dose of insulin and ensure glycemic control.
Even when stabilized, the dog should be monitored regularly (every 3 to 6 months). At home, the owner can use urine strips or even veterinary glucometers, always with professional advice.
Treating canine diabetes
Although there is no cure, canine diabetes is manageable. Treatment is based on:
- Daily insulin therapy;
- Specific diet with fixed schedules;
- A regular routine of moderate exercise.
Insulin is essential and is usually administered twice a day. The most commonly used are Caninsulin or human insulin type NPH.
Remember that it is the veterinarian who will determine the most appropriate treatment for your dog.
The tutor must learn to apply it correctly, alternating places to avoid fibrosis and strictly respecting the timetable. Over time, this becomes part of the routine.
Other important precautions:
- Castration of uncastrated females;
- Treatment of associated diseases (obesity, infections, Cushing's);
The daily commitment to treatment allows the pet to regain its disposition and live a quality life.
What is the value of insulin for a dog with diabetes?
The monthly cost varies according to the size of the dog and the type of insulin. On average:
- Caninsulin® or human NPH: from R$ 90 to R$ 250 per bottle (may vary);
- Monthly use: from R$50 to R$300, depending on size;
- Special insulins (glargine, detemir): can be over R$100.
In addition, there are costs for syringes, urine strips, tests and consultations.
Fortunately, many clinics offer support or discounts. The ideal thing is to plan your budget and talk to your vet about more affordable options, ensuring continuity of treatment.
Proper diet and routine for dogs with diabetes
The diet should contain:
- High quality proteins;
- High fiber content;
- Complex carbohydrates with a low glycemic index;
- Low fat content.
Specific commercial feeds or homemade diets formulated by nutrologists are recommended.
Meal times should be synchronized with insulin application. The ideal is to always feed your pet at the same times, with the same amount.
Water should always be available.
Light exercise (daily walks, for example) is beneficial, but don't overdo it. Regularity and consistency are essential to avoid hypoglycemia.
And always consult a vet regularly.
What happens if you don't treat your dog's diabetes?
If left untreated, diabetes quickly leads toserious complications such as:
- Diabetic ketoacidosis (medical emergency);
- Cataract blindness;
- Hypoglycemia;
- Liver disease;
- Renal failure;
- Recurrent infections;
- Neuropathy;
- Coma and death.
Without insulin, hyperglycemia worsens, leading to metabolic collapse. The animal's quality of life is severely compromised.
Therefore, the treatment recommended by the vet must be strictly followed.
Prevention and daily care to improve quality of life
Although prevention is not always possible, some measures reduce the risks:
- Maintaining your ideal weight;
- Exercise regularly;
- Early castration of females;
- Avoid prolonged use of corticosteroids;
- Annual veterinary check-ups (or six-monthly for older dogs).
For dogs that have already been diagnosed, the routine must be consistent: the right times, proper feeding, monitoring of signs and follow-up appointments.
Having an emergency kit (with honey or glucose gel) at home is also useful in cases of hypoglycemia.
So, even if it's difficult, with dedication, it's possible to offer a long, active and happy life to the diabetic dog.
